Classical Chinese Medical Texts


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Huangdi Neijing Suwen: Again Broadly Corrected

Chinese: 重廣補註黃帝內經素問

Pinyin: Chong Guang Bu Zhu Huangdi Neijing Suwen

Date of Composition: (beginning in 1053 CE)

 

Summary

Eleventh century annotation/revision considered to be the authoritative version of the Inner Cannon of the Yellow Emperor today. 
 

Related Texts
Inner Cannon of the Yellow Emperor

 

 

 
Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor

Chinese: 黄帝内经

Pinyin: Huángdì Nèijīng

Date of Composition: between the late Warring States period (475-221 BC) and the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE)

 

Alternate Titles
Esoteric Scripture of the Yellow Emperor

 

Summary

Widely considered the foundational Chinese medical text, the Inner Cannon of the Yellow Emperor lays the theoretical framework for Chinese medicinal practices and acupuncture. The text is split into two volumes. Each volume consists of 81 chapters/treatises in a Q/A style between the Yellow Emperor and his ministers. The first text is the Suwen (素問) covers the theoretical basis of Chinese medicine. The second text Lingshu (靈樞; Spiritual Pivot), covers acupuncture. 
 

Related Texts
Chong Guang Bu Zhu Huangdi Neijing Suwen (commentary)

 

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Related Catalog Materials
Xin and Shen as Elucidated in the Huangdi Neijing
The Clinical Relevance of Classical Chinese Medicine: A Field Guide to the Huangdi Neijing Suwen

 

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The Classic of Herbal Medicine



Chinese: 神农本草经

Pinyin: Shénnóng Běncǎo Jīng

Date of Composition: between about 200 and 250 CE

 

Alternate Titles
Divine Farmer's Classic of Materia Medica
Shennong's Herbal

 

Summary

The Classic of Herbal Medicine features drawings and written descriptions of 365 medicinal substances. The work is divided into three volumes. The first volume features 120 herbs considered "noble" or "upper herbs" that are harmless to humans. The next volume features 120 herbs known as "middle herbs" that are or can be toxic but can be used to treat the sick. The last volume features 125 herb referred to as "low herbs" which are often poisonous. 
 

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Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases /Disorders

Chinese: 伤寒论

Pinyin: Shānghán Lùn

Date of Composition: before 220 AD

 

Alternate Titles
Treatise on Cold Injury

 

Summary
Medical treatise detailing varieants and complications related to the common cold. The Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases is split into 6 parts related to the stages of the disease. 

 

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Related Catalog Materials
Video: The Preface of the ShangHan Lun
Video: Clinical Applicationof Herbal Formulas from Shang Han Lun

 

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(Essential) Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet

Chinese: 金匮要略

Pinyin: Jīnguì Yàolüè

Date of Composition: written by Zhang Zhongjing (150-219 AD) 

 

Alternate Titles
Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber

 

Summary
The Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber details the diagnosis and treatment of mirad diseases. The text is broken into 3 volumes. The first discusses the common cold, the second illnesses, and the third prescibes treatments for the aforementioned sicknesses.

 

Related Texts
Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber with 300 Cases

 

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Compendium of Materia Medica

Chinese: 本草纲目

Pinyin: Běncǎo Gāngmù

Date of Composition: written by Li Shizhen (1518–1593 AD)

 

Alternate Titles
Bencao Gangmuor Pen-tsao Kang-mu (romanized titles in pinyin and Wade-Giles respectively)

 

Summary
The Compendium of Materia Medica is an encyclopedia of minerals, plants, and animal substances thought to have medicinal properties. In total the compendium lists 1,892 entries over 53 volumes.

 

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Essential Formulas for Emergencies [Worth] a Thousand Pieces of Gold

Chinese: 备急千金要方 

Pinyin: Beiji Qian Jin Yao Fang

 

Summary

A Tang Dynasty summarization of pre-Tang medicinal practices. The text offers 5,300 prescriptions for herbal medicine. 
 

Related Texts
Qian Jin Yi Fang (Supplementary text by the same author)

 

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The Classic of Difficult Issues (The Classic of Difficulties)

Chinese: 黃帝八十一難經 (or 難經)

Pinyin: Huangdi Bashiyi Nanjing (or Nanjing)

Date of Composition:

 

Alternate Titles

The Yellow Emperor's Canon of 81 Difficult Issues
Nanjing, The Difficult Classic, Explained in 81 Pictures 
 

Summary

More than just an explanation or commentary on the Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor the Nanjing further illuminates the theoretical framework of Chinese medicine. Covering the Five Phases, yinyang as well as discussing acupuncture and pulse diagnosis.  
 

Related Texts
難經古義 Interpreting the ancient classic text, Nanjing

 

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Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion

Chinese: 针灸甲乙经

Pinyin: Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing

Date of Composition:  written by Huang Fumi in 259
 

Alternate Titles

Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion
Acupuncture and Moxibustion School Manual 
 

Summary
This text combines acupuncture, moxibustion, and acupoint theory. The text details the various preventitive and reactionary uses for acupuncture; types of needles; locations or points etc. Additionally it includes 649 acupuncture points. 

 

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Master Hua's Classic of the Central Viscera

Chinese: 中藏经

Pinyin: Zhong Zang Jing

Date of Composition: written by Hua Tuo in the Late Han (206 BC – 220 AD)

 

Alternate Titles

Chinese- Tibetan Classic
 

Summary
The text is divided into 3 parts, the Classic of Central Viscera organizes early ideas on the internal organs and links pulse theory with the diagnosis of disease. The text offers various prescriptions toward the treatment of various diseases related to the viscera.

 

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The Pulse Classic

Chinese: 脉经

Pinyin: Mai Jing

Date of Composition: written by Wang Shuhe in the Late Han (206 BC – 220 AD)

 

Summary
The Pulse Classic is one of the earliest Chinese texts on pulse theory and is entirely devoted to pulse diagnosis. The text is divided into 10 parts which include (but are not limited to) the taking of the pulse, diagnosis of diseases from the pulse, and pulse work in conjunction with acupuncture. 

 

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